In these notes · Linking Elements to Source Documents (C2 Review)
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3.5

Linking Elements to Source Documents (C2 Review)

Key Concepts

Each transaction is supported by a source document that triggers the recording. The table below connects each transaction type to the document that records it and the accounting elements affected.

TransactionSource DocumentElement(s) Affected
Credit saleInvoiceAssets (+Trade receivables, −Inventory); Equity (+Sales revenue, −Cost of sales)
Cash saleReceiptAssets (+Cash in hand, −Inventory); Equity (+Sales revenue, −Cost of sales)
Credit purchaseInvoiceAssets (+Inventory); Liabilities (+Trade payables)
Customer returned goodsCredit noteAssets (−Trade receivables, +Inventory); Equity (−Sales returns, +Cost of sales reversal)
Business undercharged customerDebit noteAssets (+Trade receivables); Equity (+Sales revenue)
Paid credit supplier by chequePayment voucherAssets (−Cash at bank); Liabilities (−Trade payables)
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How to Remember

Match the document to the trigger:

  • Invoice → credit sale / credit purchase (an amount owed is created)
  • Receipt → cash received
  • Payment voucher → cash or cheque paid out
  • Credit note → customer owes less (goods returned / overcharge corrected)
  • Debit note → customer owes more (undercharge corrected)

Credit note = customer's account Credited (owes less); Debit note = Debited (owes more).

Check Your Understanding
A business makes a cash sale. Which source document is issued, and which accounting elements are affected?
Reveal answerHide answer
Receipt. Assets increase (Cash in hand +, Inventory −); equity increases (Sales revenue +, Cost of sales −).
True or false: When a customer returns goods, the seller's Trade receivables increase.
Reveal answerHide answer
False. Trade receivables decrease (the customer owes less). The credit note reduces the amount owed.
A business paid a credit supplier by cheque. Which two elements are affected, and do they increase or decrease?
Reveal answerHide answer
Assets decrease (Cash at bank −); liabilities decrease (Trade payables −).